Jag köpte den från
http://www.valvewizard.co.uk/, författare merlin blencove.
Måste erkänna att det var ett misstag, jag såg inte "guitar and bass" delen, jag lutar mer åt hifi
Boken har en inledning med "fundamentals" där man bl.a. går igenom rörkurvor vilopunkter mm.
SEdan finns kapitel om rör's egenskaper ( dioder, trioder pentoder) funktionssätt och egenheter.
Vidare går man igenom alla "vanliga sätt" att koppla rör, hur man räknar på ingående komponeneter etc.
Innehållsförteckningen ( det blir "rörigt" att klippa ur en pdf
:
Contents
Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Some Useful Formulae x
1. Fundamentals of Amplification 1
1.1: Basic Theory of V alves 2
1.2: Valve Diodes
1.3: Triodes
1.4: Anode Resistance, ra 6 1.5: Amplification Factor, μ 6 1.6: Transconductance, gm 7 1.7: Amplification 9 1.8: The Load Line 9 1.9: Biasing 11 1.10: The Cathode Load Line 13 1.11: Harmonic Distortion 15 1.12: Intermodulation Distortion 17 1.13: Cut-Off Clipping 18 1.14: Grid-Current Clipping 19 1.15: The Effect of Load on Distortion 21 1.16: The Golden Ratio 22 1.17: The AC Load Line 23 1.18: The Cathode Bypass Capacitor 25 1.19: Equivalent Circuits 29 1.20: Input and Output Impedance 22 1.21: Output Impedance of a Triode Gain Stage 30 1.22: Input Impedance of a Triode Gain Stage 32 1.23: Valve Ratings and the Safe Operating Area 33 1.24: Component Ratings 35 1.25: Types of Resistor 37 1.26: Types of Capacitor 38
2. The Small-Signal Pentode 40
2.1: Secondary Emission 41 2.2: The Suppressor Grid 42 2.3: The Screen Grid 42 2.4: The Effect of Screen Voltage 43 2.5: The Effect of Screen Current 45 2.6: The Anode/Screen Current Ratio 46 2.7: Deriving Grid Curves for Any Screen Voltage 47 2.8: A Simple Pentode Gain Stage 48 2.9: Effect of Screen and Cathode Bypassing 50
2 4
i
2.10: Effect of Load on Distortion 52 2.11: Designing a Pentode Gain Stage the Easy Way 53 2.12: Pentodes Connected as Triodes 55 2.13: Pentode-Triode Morph Control 56 2.14: Variable Screen Bypass 57
3. Noise, Hum and Microphonics 59
3.1: Noise
3.2: Noise
3.3: Noise
3.4: Noise
3.5: Noise
3.6: Noise
3.7: Principles of Low-Noise Design 67 3.8: Hum 69 3.9: Electric Fields 69 3.10: Magnetic Fields 70 3.11: Transformers and Hum 70 3.12: Electric Shielding 71 3.13: Magnetic Shielding 72 3.14: Lead Dress 73 3.15: Rectifier-Induced Heater Hum 75 3.16: Electrical Heater Balancing 76 3.17: Heater-Cathode Leakage and Heater Elevation 77 3.18: DC Heaters 79 3.19: Microphony 80 3.20: Diode Noise Gate 80
59 in Resistors 62 in Triodes 63 in Pentodes 64 Calculations for a Triode Gain Stage 64 Calculations for Cascaded Triodes 66
4. Coupling and Filters 82
4.1: Electromagnetic Guitar Pickups 82 4.2: Active Guitar Pickups 83 4.3: Piezoelectric Pickups 84 4.4: Equivalent Circuit of a Pickup 84 4.5: Electromagnetic Pickup Frequency Response 85 4.6: The Amplifier Input Network 87 4.7: High Impedance Input for Piezo Pickups 89 4.8: Interstage Filters 89 4.9: Understanding Filters with Simplified Bode Plots 90 4.10: High-Pass Filter 92 4.11: Low-Pass Filter 93 4.12: Attenuating High-Pass Filter 93 4.13: Attenuating Low-Pass Filter 95 4.14: High-Pass Shelving Filter 95 4.15: Low-Pass Shelving Filter 96 4.16: Band-Pass Filter 97 4.17: The Anode Bypass Capacitor 98 4.18: Blocking Distortion 100
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4.19: Avoiding Blocking Distortion 102 4.20: DC Coupling 104 4.21: Level Shifting 105 4.22: Grid-Cathode Arc Protection 105
5. Valves in Parallel 107
5.1: Anode Characteristics of Parallel Valves 107 5.2: Noise in Parallel Valves 108 5.3: The Matchless Input Stage 109 5.4: The Common-Anode Mixer 110 5.5: Dissimilar Cathode Circuits 111 5.6: Blend Control 112
6. The Cathode Follower 113
6.1: Gain of the Cathode Follower 113 6.2: Output Impedance of the Cathode Follower 114 6.3: Avoiding Oscillation 116 6.4: Anode Characteristics 116 6.5: Using the New Anode Characteristics 118 6.6: Fixed Bias 119 6.7: Cathode Bias 120 6.8: DC Coupling 122 6.9: Heater Elevation 123 6.10: Input Resistance of the Cathode Follower 124 6.11: Input Capacitance of the Cathode Follower 125 6.12: The Pentode as a Cathode Follower 125 6.13: Transistor Followers 126 6.14: Cathode Followers in Guitar Amps 127 6.15: Controlling Cathode-Follower Clipping 128 6.16: Bootstrapping for More Gain 129
7. The Cascode 133
7.1: Basic Operation of the Cascode 133 7.2: The Effect of Screen Voltage 134 7.3: Drawing the Anode Characteristics by Hand 136 7.4: Equations for the Cascode 138 7.5: Designing a Cascode the Easy Way 139 7.6: Grid-Leak Biasing and Screen Compression 140
8. The Cathodyne Phase Inverter 143
8.1: The Cathodyne 143 8.2: Gain of the Cathodyne 144 8.3: Output Impedance 145 8.4: Designing a Cathodyne 146 8.5: Fixed Bias 148 8.6: Cathode Bias 149
iii
8.7: DC Coupling 150 8.8: Input Resistance of the Cathodyne 151 8.9: Input Capacitance of the Cathodyne 151 8.10: Avoiding Unpleasant Distortion Effects 152
9. The Long-Tailed-Pair Phase Inverter 154
9.1: Basic Operation of the Long-Tailed Pair 154 9.2: Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) 155 9.3: Gain of the Long-Tailed Pair 156 9.4: Output Impedance 157 9.5: Designing a Long-Tailed Pair 158 9.6: Fixed Bias 159 9.7: Cathode Bias 160 9.8: DC Coupling 161 9.9: Dissimilar Anode Resistors 162 9.10: Input Resistance of the Long-Tailed Pair 163 9.11: Input Capacitance of the Long-Tailed Pair 163 9.12: Adding Global Negative Feedback 164 9.13: Presence Control 166 9.14: Resonance Control 167 9.15: Variable Feedback 168 9.16: Feedback-Free Resonance Control 169 9.17: Scale Control 170 9.18: Effects of Bias on the Long-Tailed Pair 171 9.19: Blocking Distortion 174
10. Feedback 177
10.1: The Universal Feedback Equation 177 10.2: Virtual Earth 179 10.3: Local Feedback 179 10.4: Effect on Headroom 181 10.5: Effect on Distortion and Noise 181 10.6: Effect on Frequency Response 183 10.7: Effect on Input and Output Impedance 184 10.8: Global Feedback: Single-Ended Amplifier Example 185 10.9: Global Feedback: Push-Pull Amplifier Example 188 10.10: Feedback from Alternative Speaker Taps 190
11. Tone Controls 191
11.1: Impedance Considerations 191 11.2: Impedance Scaling 192 11.3: Frequency Range 193 11.4: Simple Treble Controls 195 11.5: Simple Bass Controls 197 11.6: Simple Middle Controls 199 11.7: Tilt Control 201 11.8: The Bandmaster Tone Stack 203
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11.9: The Voigt Tone Stack 204 11.10: The James Tone Stack 204 11.11: The Passive Baxandall Tone Stack 205 11.12: The Bone Ray Tone Stack 206 11.13: The FMV Tone Stack 207 11.14: Tone Stack Defeat / Lift 209
12. Effects Loops 210
12.1: Serial and Parallel Effects Loops 210 12.2: Placement of Effects 211 12.3: Line Levels 211 12.4: Effects Loop Input and Output Impedance 213 12.5: Passive Line Out 214 12.6: Active Line Out 215 12.7: Commercial Line-Out Circuits 216 12.8: The Recovery Stage 218 12.9: Practical Serial Effects Loop 219 12.10: Practical Parallel Effects Loops 219
13. Signal Switching 222
13.1: Series and Shunt Switching 222 13.2: Clicks, Pops and Thumps 224 13.3: Light-Dependent Resistors 225 13.4: Relays 226 13.5: Audio Switching with Relays 227 13.6: Control Circuits for Relays 228 13.7: Power Supplies for Relay Circuits 231 13.8: Solid-State Relays 234 13.9: Audio Switching with SSRs 235 13.10: Control Circuits for SSRs 236 13.11: Power Supplies for SSRs 237 13.12: JFET Analog Switches 237 13.13: Audio Switching with JFETs 238 13.14: Control Circuits for JFET Analog Switches 242 13.15: Power Supplies for JFET Analog Switches 243 13.16: Some Two-Channel Switching Topologies 244 13.17: Switching More than Two Channels 247
14. Topology 249
14.1: Low-Gain or ‘Clean’ Topologies 249 14.2: A Low-Gain Preamp Design 251 14.3: An Approach to Medium and High-Gain Design 251 14.4: Medium-Gain Topologies 255 14.5: A Medium-Gain Preamp Design 256 14.6: High-Gain Topologies 257 14.7: A High-Gain Preamp Design 258 14.8: An Ultra-High-Gain Preamp Design 259
v
15. Grounding 262
15.1: Safety Earth 263 15.2: Ground Loops 264 15.3: Power-Supply Ripple Current 265 15.4: Power-Supply Smoothing Filters 266 15.5: Signal Currents 268 15.6: Ground Planes 269 15.7: Bus Grounding 270 15.8: Star Grounding 271 15.9: The Ground-to-Chassis Connection 274 15.10: Ground Lift 275 15.11: Grounding Multi-Channel Amplifiers 276 15.12: Miscellaneous Ground Connections 277
Bibliography 278 Index 281
Sammanfattningsvis en bra läsning både att bläddra i för att få kopplingstips, och att fördjupa sig med.
Vill någon låna den att kika i så hör av er, men pysslar man med rörförstärkare i avsikt att modda eller bygga nytt så tycker jag nog att den är värd pengarna ( den kostar bara några bra dubbeltrioder )
